boost excellent science, including through the, promote industrial leadership in areas such as nanotechnologies, biotechnology and information and communications technology, and through support for companies and entrepreneurs; and. The Commission is also in constant political dialogue with national parliaments, which send their opinions on any legislative or political initiative of the Commission or on any political subject on their own initiative. The EU’s role in preparing for and responding to serious cross-border health threats is essential to protect Europeans and includes action on vaccination, fighting antimicrobial resistance, and preventing and limiting pandemics and other infectious diseases such as Ebola. To achieve this, the European Commission presented the European Green Deal, the most ambitious package of measures that should enable European citizens and businesses to benefit from sustainable green transition. More and more companies and individuals are active in more than one country, making it easier for them to try to pay the least tax possible (‘tax avoidance’) or to not pay taxes due (‘tax evasion’) through legal means. Give feedback about this website or report a problem, Institutions, bodies & agencies – contact & visit details, Public contracts in the EU – rules and guidelines, The European Union - What it is and what it does, The General Report on the Activities of the European Union, 50 ways forward - Europe's best successes, The European story - 60 years of shared progress, Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS), The European Data Protection Board (EDPB), promote peace, its values and the well-being of its citizens, offer freedom, security and justice without internal borders, sustainable development based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly competitive market economy with full employment and social progress, and environmental protection, combat social exclusion and discrimination, promote scientific and technological progress, enhance economic, social and territorial cohesion and solidarity among EU countries, respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity. David Conn. Since then, 22 more countries joined (and the United Kingdom left the EU in 2020) and a huge single market (also known as the ‘internal’ market) has been created and continues to develop towards its full potential. A: No. The European flag; The European anthem; Europe Day; The EU motto; The euro If the two institutions do not agree then conciliation procedures are followed until a budget is approved. maximise the benefits of the EU’s investment in space. The agreement reached in 2015 on the Iranian nuclear programme demonstrated the EU’s role in leading peace talks on behalf of the international community. A big part of the initial bill was the UK's remaining EU budget contributions, covering the time up until the end of 2020, when things have largely stayed the same. This publication is a guide to the European Union (EU) and what it does. The prospect of membership is a key driver of transformation in the Western Balkans and helps to foster reconciliation and stability. Law and justice are upheld by an independent judiciary. In bringing other countries into the EU, one of the aims is to deepen the solidarity between the people of Europe and increase their prosperity and opportunities while respecting and preserving diversity. And to ensure patients get the best treatment, all medicines in the EU must be approved at national or EU level (through the European Medicines Agency) before going on the market. The Commission manages several EU programmes to support innovation and entrepreneurship, including: The EU also offers businesses a number of support services including the Enterprise Europe Network and Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs. Both institutions aim to ensure sound financial management. Travelling in Europe is much easier than it used to be. The EU budget helps to deliver on the things that matter to Europeans. More than 340 million EU citizens in 19 countries now use it as their currency and enjoy its benefits. On the Have your Say web portal, citizens can subscribe to be notified by email when new initiatives are added on topics that they are interested in or to follow developments regarding individual initiatives. The open border allows the free flow of goods and people. While national governments are responsible for setting tax rates and collecting taxes, the EU ensures that people or businesses from another Member State are not discriminated against and that taxes do not hinder the EU’s single market. It is the leading donor in the international response to the Syria crisis, with over €11 billion provided to support the Syrian people, and it continues to support international efforts to bring peace to the Middle East by supporting a two-state solution with a Palestinian state living side by side with Israel. The EU customs union is one of the few exclusive competences of the European Union. Over 620 000 lives have been saved in the Aegean and the Mediterranean since 2015 thanks to Italian and Greek rescue operations and the work of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, established in 2016. The European Union is based on the rule of law. The EU’s customs union means that all Member States are working together to ensure that goods imported into the EU circulate freely and that they are safe for people, for animals and for the environment. Such events not only pose a direct threat to people but can also jeopardise food production and create water shortages, which can in turn trigger famine, regional conflicts and mass migration. For example, it has taken measures to guarantee an EU-wide right of access to basic bank accounts. Through the web portal Have Your Say, citizens and stakeholders can contribute in different ways. making sure all Member States work together effectively and efficiently within the customs union; proposing legislation and procedures to ensure better security and safety for citizens as well as to facilitate legitimate trade; helping EU countries to exchange information that could be useful for customs agencies; and. It also offers access to services such as Your Europe Advice (for personalised legal advice) and SOLVIT (solving problems with public authorities abroad). That is why we must tackle them through cooperation both within the EU and with the rest of the world. EU-wide action is essential to tackle the problem. The Bologna process and the European Higher Education Area make it easier for people to move between education systems within Europe by promoting mutual recognition of periods of study, comparable qualifications and uniform quality standards. Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can find the address of the centre nearest you at: https://europa.eu/european-union/contact_en. The feedback period for Commission proposals is 8 weeks, after which the contributions are passed to the Parliament and the Council to be considered in their negotiations. Erasmus+ boosts the job prospects and the personal development of young people by giving them the skills they need in the labour market and society, both now and in the future. The Commission is also working to ensure the different EU information systems for security, border and migration management will be ‘interoperable’, i.e. The committees examine proposals for legislation, and MEPs and political groups can put forward amendments or propose to reject proposed legislation. Through the Clean Energy for All Europeans initiative, the EU is currently updating our common rules in a way that will facilitate and encourage future investment and thereby accelerate the clean energy transition and help deliver on the EU’s Paris Agreement commitments. This is usually done in the form of draft legislative proposals. Ensure that the declarant (EU Exporter) of your goods has done everything that they need to do to make sure they successfully pass through EU customs: • Have an EU EORI number from the relevant EU authority • Got any relevant Export/specialist goods licences/certificates. Under the principle of proportionality, the EU’s action must be limited to what is necessary to achieve the objectives of the EU treaties. There are eight Vice-Presidents (including three Executive Vice-Presidents and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) who occupy these roles in addition to the usual Commissioner’s portfolio. The EU runs several programmes and initiatives to help young people in Europe to play a more active role in society and benefit from experiencing another country. The Commission is also responsible for sectors with geostrategic implications and a high degree of public intervention, such as defence, security and space. While social security remains the responsibility of each Member State, the EU creates bridges between national systems for citizens moving across borders. It also means building and strengthening democracy, human rights (including equality between women and men) and the rule of law. The EU has introduced marine protected areas to safeguard marine ecosystems and biodiversity, along with the services these ecosystems provide. But it can also pose challenges to consumers, especially in fast-developing areas like digital, energy and financial services. It is the world's biggest exporter of manufactured goods and services, and the biggest import market for over 100 countries. The migration crisis and the changing security landscape in recent years have demonstrated that the Schengen area needs strong external borders. See Part 3 of this section Ensuring EU laws are respected for more information. Citizens’ health is a major priority for the European Union. The EU and Turkey agreed in March 2016 that irregular migrants and asylum seekers arriving on the Greek islands from Turkey may be returned to Turkey. By pooling resources at EU level, Member States can achieve more than they could by acting alone. The EU is committed to helping victims of man-made and natural disasters worldwide and supports over 120 million people each year. Citizens can also submit complaints and enquiries concerning the application of EU law. The European Commission is gradually integrating sport into bilateral agreements with countries outside the EU. The principal objectives of this policy are to: The key initiatives that put the policy into practice are: Cooperation takes place at bilateral level (with individual partners), at regional level (with two or more partners from the east or the south) or across the neighbourhood, depending on the nature of the action. The European Parliament debates the proposal in its committees. In a direct vote on 23-26 May, citizens in the EU member states elected MEPs to form the new Parliament. Any European country may apply for membership if it respects the democratic values of the EU and is committed to promoting them. And it has become much easier to live and work in another country in Europe. Its goals are to foster a dynamic yet sustainable fishing industry, including the conservation of resources and protection of the marine environment, while ensuring fair standards of living for fishing communities. Under the ordinary legislative procedure the Commission makes a proposal, which must be adopted by both the Parliament and the Council. The advisory bodies (the European Economic and Social Committee and the European Committee of the Regions) as well as the national parliaments are involved in the process by providing their opinions on the proposals, mainly from the perspective of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality. The EU’s health policy promotes exercise both through the sharing of good practices between EU countries and with interested parties, and through the EU platform for action on diet, physical activity and health, which provides a forum for tackling adverse trends. They protect consumers from goods that could be dangerous or bad for their health and protect animals and the environment against plant and animal diseases. This determines which legislative procedure must be followed. The Commission monitors the assistance Member State governments give to businesses to ensure that it does not give certain companies an unfair advantage over their competitors. All pictures: © Shutterstock, © Fotolia, The European Union: What it is and what it does, How the European Union makes decisions and takes action, the Commission’s White Paper on the Future of Europe, ensure the accessibility, effectiveness and resilience of health systems in the EU, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/public-health_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/climate-action_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/economy-finance-and-euro_en, European Commission reflection paper on the deepening of the economic and monetary union, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/migration-and-asylum_en, Radicalisation Awareness Network Centre of Excellence, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/borders-and-security_en, The EU’s business and industrial policy, the European Fund for Strategic Investments, https://europa.eu/european-union/topics/enterprise_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/single-market_en, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/employment-and-social-affairs_en, European Commission reflection paper on the social dimension of Europe, European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/education-and-training_en, open innovation, open science and open to the world, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/research-and-innovation_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/regional-policy_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/transport_en, Direct payments that support farm incomes, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/agriculture_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/maritime-affairs-and-fisheries_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/environment_en, Clean Energy for All Europeans initiative, Some of the additional policies and actions, 16 ongoing civilian missions and military operations, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/foreign-affairs-and-security-policy_en, European Commission reflection paper on the future of European defence, facebook.com/EuropeanExternalActionService, https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/european-neighbourhood-policy_en, EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/trade_en, European Commission reflection paper on harnessing globalisation, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/international-cooperation-and-development_en, Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO), https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/humanitarian-aid-and-civil-protection_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/justice-and-fundamental-rights_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/food-safety_en, Rapid Alert System for dangerous non-food products, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/consumers_en, EU’s agenda for sustainable development, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/banking-and-finance_en, financial support (state aid) from EU governments to companies, European Commission fined Google €2.42 billion, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/competition_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/taxation_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/customs_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/culture-and-media_en, Erasmus for young entrepreneurs programme, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/youth_en, the Council recommendation on promoting health-enhancing physical activity across sectors, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/sport_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/budget_en, European Commission reflection paper on the future of EU finances, https://ec.europa.eu/info/topics/fraud-prevention_en, Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, elects a number of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), a modern, long-term budget for the 2021-2027 period, https://europa.eu/european-union/contact_en, https://europa.eu/european-union/index_en, https://ec.europa.eu/info/about-european-commission/contact/local-offices-eu-member-countries_en, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/en/stay-informed/liaison-offices-in-your-country, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/area/geo_en, This publication is available in the following formats. Enhanced trade agreements open markets for EU businesses, and action can be taken to prevent unfair competition from outside the EU. When we look at the share of the EU's exports going to the UK there is a choice to make about whether to include trade among the remaining 27 EU countries in total goods exports. Helping communities in disaster-prone areas to better prepare and recover. how does it affect the countries that join it? The recent deals with Japan, Mexico and the Mercosur bloc are the first trade agreements to include a commitment to the Paris climate agreement. Restoring ecosystems dependent on agriculture and forestry and promoting resource efficiency and the shift towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy are also high priorities, accounting for 51.7% (about €51 billion) of the total rural development budget for 2014-2020. protecting, conserving and enhancing the EU’s natural capital; turning the EU into a resource-efficient, green and competitive low-carbon economy; and. The EU’s health policy complements Member States’ policies to ensure that everyone living in the EU is protected from serious cross-border health threats and has access to quality healthcare. Does your business rely on any specialist or service located in the EU – even if you ordinarily communicate with a UK branch of the business? The customs services also prevent illegal exports of waste, since protecting the environment is one of their key tasks. The presidency of the Council rotates among the EU Member States every 6 months, and is responsible for chairing all Council meetings and setting the agendas. Achieving the digital single market could potentially contribute hundreds of billions of euro per year to the EU economy and create hundreds of thousands of jobs. The committees’ opinions are not binding upon the EU institutions. EU actions are subject to the principle of subsidiarity, which means that, except in the areas where it has exclusive powers, the EU only acts where action will be more effective at EU level than at national level. The EU’s audiovisual and media policy aims to ensure that, like other goods and services, audiovisual media (film, TV and video) are subject to EU-wide rules to ensure they can circulate freely and fairly in the single market, regardless of how they are delivered. Whenever significant outbreaks of animal disease or food poisoning affect consumers, EU authorities can follow the movement of food products via the TRACES (Trade Control and Expert System) electronic system. The EU has set up a number of other initiatives to make it easier for people to study, train or work abroad. Regional policy targets all regions and cities in the European Union in order to support job creation, business competitiveness, economic growth and sustainable development and to improve citizens’ quality of life. The banking union transferred bank supervision and resolution from national to EU level in the 19 Member States of the euro area. The Creative Europe programme aims to strengthen Europe’s cultural and creative sectors and provide funding for around 3 700 cultural organisations, 250 000 artists and cultural professionals, over 7 000 cinemas and 2 800 films, and 4 500 book translations during its 7-year lifespan. The EU is the world’s biggest knowledge factory, accounting for almost a third of global science and technology production. by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls), at the following standard number: 00 32 2 299 9696 or. Each year the Council concludes (i.e. EU policy also looks to meet common challenges such as the shift to digital production and content, or how to encourage innovation in the cultural sector. It does things like proposing new laws for the European Parliament to vote on, … Thanks to the EU, the last 20 years have seen considerable progress in Europe’s transport sector, leading to safer skies, seas and roads; decent working conditions for transport workers; more and cheaper mobility options for travellers and businesses; and fast progress towards cleaner transport and digital mobility solutions. The second reading is a faster process than the first reading, as only differences between the Parliament’s and the Council’s positions can be discussed, and various elements are time limited. The result was the European Economic Community, created in 1958 with the initial aim of increasing economic cooperation between six countries: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The Commissioners are the Commission’s political leadership during a five-year term. EURES, the European Job Mobility Portal, also helps connect jobseekers and companies offering a job. The EU’s annual budget is decided jointly by the Parliament and the Council of the European Union. Most of the actual implementation and spending is done by national and local authorities but the Commission is responsible for supervising it. It maintains a balance between being open and ensuring that rules are respected and that EU industries are protected against unfair trade and unjustified barriers. This conciliation procedure has become rare. The European Court of Auditors is the independent external audit institution of the European Union. In certain specific cases, not all Member States participate in all areas of EU policy. Every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties that have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU countries. Furthermore, it fosters cooperation and peer learning between Member States. The European Commission works with authorities and stakeholders in Member States to monitor and enforce the existing rules so that people and businesses can benefit from the opportunities offered by the single market. The capital markets union creates the necessary framework to mobilise capital in Europe and channel it to all companies, including small and medium-sized enterprises, and infrastructure projects that need it to expand and create jobs. The EU’s foreign policy at ministerial level is represented by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the Commission, currently Josep Borrell Fontelles, who also chairs meetings of foreign ministers. This includes strengthening the rules to protect deposits in case of bank failure. The tax laws of one Member State should not allow people or businesses to escape taxation in another. The treaties lay down the objectives of the European Union and set out the rules on how the EU institutions operate, how decisions are made and the relationship between the EU and its Member States. Licensed rail companies can now offer their services anywhere in the EU, which enhances competition and connectivity. Following the White Paper, the Commission contributed to the debate with a series of thematic reflection papers offering different options for the EU in certain policy areas: the social dimension of Europe; harnessing globalisation; the deepening of economic and monetary union; the future of European defence; and the future of EU finances. At the core of the EU are the 27 Member States that belong to the EU, and their citizens. It safeguards health at every stage of the food chain by preventing food contamination and promoting food hygiene, plant health and animal health and welfare. These plenary sessions are normally held in Strasbourg, with any additional sessions held in Brussels. The EU budget supports a wide range of policies implemented within the European Union and has helped the EU to consolidate its strong role in the international arena, as a leader in the fight against climate change and as the largest donor of humanitarian and development aid in the world. What began as a purely economic union has evolved into an organization spanning policy areas, from climate, environment and health to external relations and security, justice and migration. While underpinning these new opportunities, the EU also plays an important role in promoting the responsible and sustainable exploitation of seas, both in Europe and globally. Collectively, the EU and its constituent countries are the world's leading donor of humanitarian aid. This is particularly relevant as youth unemployment is still significantly high. The European Union is the largest trade block in the world. This can sometimes lead to complaints about uneven implementation of the rules in different countries. This money goes into the EU budget, thereby reducing taxpayers’ contribution. Reducing food waste has enormous potential to save resources and money and reduce the environmental impact of food. The third section, ‘How the European Union makes decisions and takes action’, describes the institutions at the heart of the EU’s decision-making process and how their decisions are translated into actions. At the same time, the EU works to ensure that these greater freedoms do not undermine fairness, consumer protection or environmental sustainability. The first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea being that countries that trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for advancing the causes of peace, reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe. National parliaments monitor the correct application of this principle in EU decision-making and can give ‘reasoned opinions’ when they consider that the principle is not being respected. The EU aims to develop this huge resource to other areas like energy, knowledge and capital markets to ensure that Europeans can draw the maximum benefit from it. A new strategy was launched in early 2018, reconfirming a credible enlargement perspective for the Western Balkans and announcing the EU’s enhanced engagement with the region. This message was welcomed by the European Parliament as well as by the 27 EU leaders at the Bratislava Summit on 16 September 2016. investing in innovation and the digital economy; creating training and employment opportunities for young people; continuing the EU’s work on a comprehensive approach to migration and border management; building up the EU’s capacity in security and defence; strengthening the EU’s external action and investing in climate action and environmental protection; strengthening the economic and monetary union. The European Union Global Strategy (EUGS) is the updated doctrine of the EU to improve the effectiveness of the CSDP, including the defence and security of the members states, the protection of civilians, cooperation between the member states' armed forces, management of immigration, crises etc. The European Investment Bank is the bank of the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020. The EU strategy for education and training aims to meet the following objectives: Erasmus+, the EU programme for education, training, youth and sport, helps tackle youth unemployment by boosting young people’s personal development, skills and employability. In areas which do not fall within its exclusive competence, i.e. Blue growth is the strategy to harvest the potential of sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors as a whole. Its main purpose is to maintain monetary stability in the euro area by ensuring low and stable consumer price inflation. 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