Woundfin and Virgin River chub 5-Year Review., USA: US Fish and Wildlife Service. 1984. Other resources described here (e.g. comm.). (1980) indicated that the species was native to eastern Montana and introduced to many sites in the central part of the state; however, Holton (1990) listed it as native to Montana and did not discuss the possibility of introduction. Similar to bluntnose minnow. P. promelas can reach maturity and spawn within their first year. The Vertebrates of Arizona. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. The popularity of this species as a baitfish and forage fish has led to widespread introductions. And the bass end up eating each other—instead of those bugger bluegills! 45335); promelas: From the words pro, meaning forward; and melas, black (referring to the black head of nuptial males) (Ref. Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); artwork of adult fish. (see section on water quality) This value declines as the carbonate is used by the bacteria in the biofi lter and pH drops. The body is slightly to moderately compressed, the lateral line tends to be incomplete (with 7-40 pored scales), and the pre-dorsal scales are crowded and significantly smaller than those on the sides of the body (Ross et al., 2001). FishBase. pH levels below 5 can harm fi sh. U.S. One method that I’ve found effective is to “chum” the water to bring the fathead minnows out of hiding or up from the depths. Reston, Virginia, USA: US Geology Surveys. http://water.usgs.gov/wrri/96grants/ncr12nd.htm, Chang AL; Grossman JD; Spezio TS; Weiskel HW; Blum JC; Burt JW; Muir AA; Piovia-Scott J; Veblen KE; Grosholz ED, 2009. Populations of P. promelas in Ontario, Canada, have been shown to respond negatively to concentrations of oestrogen which have contaminated freshwater. Description. Effects of Prey Size, Abundance, and Population Structure on Piscivory by Yellow Perch, 123(6):855-865. Contact us if you are using data from this site for a publication to make sure the data are being used appropriately and for potential co-authorship if warranted. Range. It has been intentionally introduced into new areas through the aquarium trade, where it is sold either as an aquarium pet or a feeder fish (Chang et al, 2009). Fish Species Recorded from Nevada. He cleans them with the thick spongy pad on his back and chases away any intruders (Nelson and Paetz, 1992). Summary of Invasiveness Top of page. Adults thick-bodied. Forked tail with rounded lobes. For many areas, P. promelas has been accidentally or intentionally introduced into the natural environment. The species is an important bioassay animal due to the ease in which it can be cultured and maintained (Danylchuk et al., 2012). A Fathead minnow is a small raised fish with a length ranging between 2 and 3 in. Behavioral interactions between young Colorado squawfish and six fish species. harveyensis. Repeated introductions of P. promelas to wetland habitats in USA and Canada are causing economic repercussions for wetland managers responsible for water quality, flood protection and optimization of waterfowl production (Zimmer et al., 2006). Pages 251-261 in DeBano, L.H., P.H. Management of nonindigenous aquatic fish in the U.S. National Park System. Smith RJF, 1978. Moyle, and L.C. Tucson. It is the user's responsibility to use these data consistent with their intended purpose and within stated limitations. Pimephales promelas: fathead minnow, Belgium: The Belgian Biodiversity Platform. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(21):8897-8901. http://www.pnas.org/, NatureServe, 2012. They can be found swimming with other small fish, including the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans), southern redbelly dace (Chrosomus erythrogaster) and the bluntnose minnow (P. notatus) (Nelson and Paetz, 1992). Fish and Wildlife Service. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. 10294). States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Hatching times can vary from 13 days at lower temperatures (15°C) to 4 days at higher temperatures (25°C) (Ross et al., 2001). FishBase DVD. The pre-dorsal scales on other minnows tend to be similar in size, number and compactness to those on the sides of the fish (Danylchuk et al., 2012). Lowe. Fathead minnows in Europe: preliminary results. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Effects of fathead minnow colonization and removal on a prairie wetland ecosystem:346-357. Zimmer KD; Hanson MA; Butler MG; Duffy WG, 2006. Primarily a benthic feeder, most of its diet consists of algae and protozoans, but it will also eat zooplankton and aquatic insect larvae (Nelson and Paetz, 1992). http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/projects/wetland/studies/pwet/discuss.htm, Anseeuw D, Branquart E, Lieffrig F, Micha JC, Parkinson D, Verreycken H, 2012. Fathead Minnow … They are also used as supplementary forage in bass-bream ponds. Distribution, Biology, and Management of Exotic Fishes. Therefore, educating both retailers and customers about the risks posed by both pet and bait bucket releases could reduce the further introduction of this species, as well as other aquatic species. Females develop an enlarged urogenital papilla approximately one month prior to spawning (Flickinger 1969)’ (Hassan-Williams and Bonner, 2012). Stauffer, eds. http://icais.org/pdf/2010abstracts/Gordon%20Copp.pdf, Hanson MA; Zimmer KD; Butler MG; Tangen BA; Herwig BR; Euliss Jr NH, 2005. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University New Mexico Press, 393 pp. The bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the genus Pimephales of the cyprinid family. Lanigan, S. H. and C. R. Berry Jr. 1981. > 0°C, dry winters), Continental climate with dry summer (Warm average temp. 2001. P. promelas is similar to other minnows but can generally be differentiated by the high number of small pre-dorsal scales, which are noticeably smaller than those scales on the sides. Glacial cycles as an allopatric speciation pump in north-eastern American freshwater fishes. Cross. The creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) can be easily mistaken for P. promelas, but this species can be identified by its larger jaw, 8 anal fins, a complete lateral line and 11 or fewer gill rakers (Hassan-Williams and Bonner, 2012). Much of this variation may also be dependent on the social environment where the absence of larger, socially dominant males may cause smaller males to spawn earlier in the season, producing a larger number of young which are small in size (Danylchuk and Tonn, 2000). Species commonly confused with: Creek chub, common shiner . In the Twin Cities area of Minnesota, P. promelas was introduced to control mosquitoes (USGS, 2012). http://www.natureserve.org/. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Danylchuk Tonn WM, Paszkowski CA, 2012. In their summary of fishes of the western Gulf Slope, Conner and Suttkus (1986) listed Pimephales promelas as introduced to several drainages including the Nueces, San Antonio Bay, and Sabine Lake; they listed it as native to the Colorado, Brazos, and Galveston Bay drainages. Juveniles have a distinctive grey-black lateral band that runs from the gill cover to the tail. In some areas it is unclear as to whether native populations have dispersed or if new populations have been established due to bait or aquarium release. Piller, K. - Southeastern Louisiana University. University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, 624 pp. P. promelas is olive-yellow in colour with a yellow-silvery underside. This species has been implicated as an adverse threat to young of the Colorado Pikeminnow (. Non Indigenous Aquatic Species Database. 2014. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range to many areas west of the Continental Divide and east of the Appalachians. In the UK, the first population of P. promelas was observed in 2008 but few observations have been made of established populations (Godard et al., 2010). Sommer, T, B. Harrell, M. Nobriga, R. Brown, P. Moyle, W. Kimmerer, and L. Schemel. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are native to much of Canada. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. Pierce. Although tolerant to a range of conditions, some environmental variables may affect the size of individuals. Over much of North America from Quebec to Northern Territories, and south to Alabama, Texas, and New Mexico (Page and Burr 1991). P. promelas, commonly known as the fathead minnow, is a small-bodied, short-lived, nest guarding cyprinid fish.It is one of the most widely distributed fishes in North America and its native range covers large expanses from the Rocky Mountains in Canada south to Texas and northern Mexico. Penang, Malaysia: Worldfish Center. They will not fall ill very soon, nevertheless it will not reach a very old age. This can cause high mortality of larger individuals within a population (Danylchuk and Tonn, 2000). Year old fish range in size from 0.5 inch to 3 inches. Arkansas, USA: University of Arkansas Press, 536 pp. There has been selective breeding of a red colour morph of P. promelas, which is commonly known as the rosy red minnow. P. promelas has a moderately forked caudal fin, 8 dorsal fin rays, 7 anal fin rays and 44-50 lateral line scales. The exact native range of P. promelasis difficult to determine due to its widespread introductions from bait bucket releases. References to specimens that were not obtained through sighting reports and personal communications are found through the hyperlink in the Table 1 caption or through the individual specimens linked in the collections tables. Fathead minnows may be introduced into a pond or lake in any season. The natural geographic range extends throughout much of North America, from central Canada south along the Rockies to Texas, and east to Virginia and the Northeastern United States. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Columbus, OH, USA: Ohio State University Press. Holm, and C.H. Identification. Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose (Chamistes brevirostris) sucker recoery plan. In the UK, climatic conditions are thought to be unfavourable for yearlings, meaning that presently there is a low risk of populations becoming established. The fishes of Alberta. Fatheads can tolerate lower oxygen levels than most game fish. (1980 et seq.) The genetics of the species have also been well studied by April et al. 1993. They commented that the species probably exists in numerous reservoirs and farm ponds. Within the range of T concentrations typically produced by fathead minnow gonad tissue in culture and the range of trilostane concentrations effective in reducing E2 production, the T measurements could not be adequately corrected for the cross-reactivity. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 124(4):280-309. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. The maximum length recorded for the fish is 10 cm but length can range from 2.5 cm to 7.5 cm long. Smith RJF; Murphy BD, 1974. New York, USA: Syracuse University Press, 335 pp. Therefore, introductions of P. promelas to wetlands can significantly reduce habitat quality (Butler and Hanson, 1996; Zimmer et al., 2001; Zimmer et al., 2006). > 10°C, Cold average temp. P. promelas is the most common species of minnow sold as bait for angling activities. Intraspecific patterns of resource use by fathead minnows in a small boreal lake, 69:2109-2115. state centroids or Canadian provinces). CABI is a registered EU trademark. Native range data for this species provided in part by. In Belgium it is not only considered a pest as it predates on the eggs and larvae of native fishes but it is also thought to be responsible for the introduction of Yersinia ruckeri, the agent of enteric redmouth disease (Anseeuw et al., 2012). 50 pp. The data represented on this site vary in accuracy, scale, completeness, extent of coverage and origin. Investigation of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) as a biological control agent of Culex mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. The species seems to be most abundant in small streams where competition with other species is limited. http://www.fow-ebook.us, Froese R, Pauly D, 2004. on the northeast fringe of the distribution range for the Fathead Minnow. * HUCs are not listed for states where the observation(s) cannot be approximated to a HUC (e.g. stabilize pH values in a neutral range. Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) remarked that it is unknown how many, if any, Virginia populations are stable. The Fathead Minnow is a freshwater fish that can be found throughout most of North America. The authors exposed fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) to low (22 ± 0.93 µg/L), medium‐low (70 ± 2.1 µg/L), medium‐high (237 ± 5.5 µg/L), and high (745 ± 16.2 µg/L) concentrations of β‐sitosterol as well as negative (water), positive (ethynyl estradiol, 16 ± 0.58 ng/L), and carrier (0.6 mL/L acetone) controls. Texas, USA: Texas State University (San Marcos Biology Department). Sommer A, 2012. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Hall, and W.F. Some introductions into waterways may be as a result of its release from aquariums and hatcheries (USGS, 2012). However, the effects of this on the rest of the ecosystem could be more harmful than the high abundance of P. promelas. Froese R; Pauly D, 2004. It is relatively short-lived with an average lifespan of 2-3 years. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. Fathead Minnows prefer a temperature of 50° to 70° F and a pH range of 7.0 to … Its body surface in front of the dorsal fin is broad and flat and contains scales that are smaller than those on the other parts of the fish. Zahn Seegert, S.E., E.J. Blunt snout. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2008. A 3-inch fathead minnow. The natural geographic range extends throughout much of North America, from central Canada south along the Rockies to Texas, and east to Virginia and the Northeastern United States. American Fisheries Society. For example, in some lakes and ponds, which vary in oxygen levels from year to year, it may lead to a disproportionate number of smaller individuals within a population as the larger individuals cannot survive. The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the genus Pimephales of the cyprinid family. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. In the wild, the Fathead Minnow is a dull olive-grey with a stripe along its back and side. http://www.bio.txstate.edu/, Irwin P; Paskewitz S, 2009. The origin of many introduced populations of P. promelas has been attributed to their use as bait by anglers. Miller, R.R. 6.2.2 Growth. Leo Nico, Pam Fuller, and Matt Neilson, 2020, Middle Chattahoochee-Walter F George Reservoir. Gainesville, Florida. Other species within the Pimephales genus, such as the bluntnose minnow (P. notatus) can be distinguished by their terminal and slightly oblique to subterminal mouth, in contrast to the distinctive strongly oblique to superior and almost vertical mouth of P. promelas (Werner, 2004; Danylchuk et al., 2012). It is commonly sold as an aquarium pet and the rosy red morph has been bred for this purpose as well as its use as bait (Robison and Buchanan, 1984). Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago: the sky islands of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Occurrences are summarized in Table 1, alphabetically by state, with years of earliest and most recent observations, and the tally and names of drainages where the species was observed. http://ias.biodiversity.be/, CABI, Undated. Freshwater Fishes of South Carolina. Two types of feeding strategies, particle and filter-feeding, are used, resulting in the consumption of a wide range of aquatic invertebrates (Hanson et al., 2005). Their rapid maturation, high reproductive potential and ability to tolerate a wide range of habitats poses a high invasive risk and a substantial threat to native species. They are tolerant of poor water quality with low oxygen levels, high temperatures, and a wide range … Robison HW; Buchanan TM, 1984. For queries involving fish, please contact Matthew Neilson. Adults range from 40 - 100 mm TL and display strong sexual dimorphism. High diet overlap between native small-bodied fishes and nonnative Fathead Minnow in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona. P. promelas, commonly known as the fathead minnow, is a small-bodied, short-lived, nest guarding cyprinid fish. The viral susceptibility range of a poikilothermic cell line derived from the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) (FHM) to infection by a number of homoiothermic viruses representing most of the presently recognized viral groups and a member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma group … Its ability to establish itself outside of its native range is facilitated by its tolerance of high temperatures, turbidity, high salinity and low oxygenated waters (NatureServe, 2012). This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. > 10°C, coldest month < 0°C, dry summers), Reproduction reduced at 2 mg/l and larval growth at 4 mg/l, EN (IUCN red list: Endangered); National list(s); USA ESA listing as endangered species, EN (IUCN red list: Endangered); USA ESA listing as endangered species, Pimephales promelas harveyensis Hubbs & Lagler, 1949, Pimephales promelas promelas Rafinesque, 1820, Highly adaptable to different environments, Capable of securing and ingesting a wide range of food, Modification of natural benthic communities, Highly likely to be transported internationally accidentally, Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately, Difficult to identify/detect in the field, Sport (hunting, shooting, fishing, racing). Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. The table contains hyperlinks to collections tables of specimens based on the states, years, and drainages selected. Gottfried, R.H. Hamre, and C.B. It was later introduced as forage for sport fishes and then became widespread as the bait industry grew. Madison, WI, USA: University of Wisconsin Press, xii + 1052 pp. They are an indicator species of the core prairie fish assemblage found in the Intermittent and Perennial Prairie Stream Aquatic Ecological Systems. It has been implicated with the decline of other species, such as the endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) and, in southeastern Arizona, the Chiracahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) (USGS, 2012). Froese R; Pauly D, 2012. 430 pp. Lowe. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Biotic interactions as determinants of ecosystem structure in prairie wetlands: an example using fish. The aquarium trade is an important vector for the release of this species into local waterways. crappie minnow, rosy-red minnow (red color morph variant) Identification Key The fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, first described in 1820 by Rafinesque is a short and stout member of minnow family cyprinidae (Vandermeer 1966). This species is considered a pest in much of its introduced and native range. Matern, S.A., P.B. http://ias.biodiversity.be/. Fatheads are very prolific so usually only a single stocking is necessary. USGS, 2012. No conspicuous markings. > 10°C, Cold average temp. http://www.fow-ebook.us. Established in most states where introduced. † Populations may not be currently present. P. promelas, commonly known as the fathead minnow, is a small-bodied, short-lived, nest guarding cyprinid fish. SETAC is thrilled to support open science by hosting the Fathead Minnow Genome Database. The fathead minnow also dines on insect larvae, small crustaceans, filamentous algae, and diatoms. Rohde, F. C., R. G. Arndt, J. W. Foltz, and J. M. Quattro. In Madison, USA, it was even found to decrease densities of mosquito that were associated with the spread of West Nile virus (Irwin and Paskewitz, 2009; Danylchuk et al., 2012). Price CJ; Tonn WM; Paszkowski CA, 1991. The continued use of the P. promelas as bait and as an aquarium pet presents a continued risk of their release and introduction into non-native habitats. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information. (2013). We highly recommend reviewing metadata files prior to interpreting these data. John Hopkins. 5 pp. This species can also be found in muddy pools. The maximum age that has been recorded is 5 years (Froese and Pauly, 2012; Hassan-Williams and Bonner, 2012). It has been accidently or intentionally introduced to many areas, where it has been stocked for its use as bait or as an aquarium pet. Trautman (1981) remarked that the species was introduced to parts of Ohio … Rosen, P.C., C.R. Alberta, Canada: University of Alberta, 437 pp. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Pimephales promelas are found here. It is uncertain as to whether wild populations are present in Germany as well (Danylchuk et al., 2012). Their range touches the Northwest Territories (southern drainage of Great Slave Lake), covers most of Alberta, the southern two-thirds of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, most of Ontario (reaching Hudson Bay), southwestern Quebec, and the northwestern corner of New Brunswick. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) have been cultured for use in aquatic toxicity tests for over 30 years, and are the most common fish species used to determine sublethal toxicity of chemicals and complex effluents. Native and alien fishes in a California estuarine marsh: twenty-one years of changing assemblages. Black or Red Fathead Minnows. (2011) suggest that this species rarely becomes established where introduced, and that records sporadic records from the Potomac drainage represent survivors from bait releases rather than breeding populations. 2011. Introduced populations of P. promelas can grow rapidly because of their high reproductive output and their ability to utilize a wide range of food resources. 131: 797-816. This minnow has also been introduced to many other areas via bait … Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution/NMNH. The haploid (n) and diploid (2n) chromosome numbers for P. promelas in the USA have been reported as n = 25 and 2n = 50-50 (Froese and Pauly, 2012). Breeding males are often much darker in colour with a black head and a large black spot at the anterior base of the dorsal fin. P. promelas can spawn anytime between May and September. confertus and P. promelas subsp. Nevertheless, it is likely that this minnow was introduced to sites within parts of one or more sites in these state where it was previously absent. The fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque is a member of the fish family Cyprinidae, the largest family of fish with more than 2,000 species worldwide and nearly 300 extant in North America (Jenkins & Burkhead, 1994). It can indirectly affect aquatic insects, large cladocerans and other vertebrate and invertebrate species by reducing habitat quality (by increasing turbidity, phosphrous and chlorophyll a) (Zimmer et al., 2001). http://www.fishbase.org, Godard MJ, Britton JR, Guillerault N, Zieba G, Copp GH, 2010. Lowe, ed. Biotic interactions as determinants of ecosystem structure in prairie wetlands, 25(3):764-775. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/270, Hassan-Williams C; Bonner TH, 2012. The fishes of New Mexico. Water Resources research grant proposal: Influences of fathead minnows on nutrient partitioning, water clarity, and ecosystem structure in prairie wetlands. Vinyard, G.L. Courtenay and J.R.Jr. It has been used for mosquito control in sloughs, ponds, ditches and storm water drainage channels. This species is unusual in that it shows some level of parental care. Vandermeer JH, 1966. Mol. In Canadian boreal lakes, populations of P. promelas show high phenotypic diversity. Individuals can grow to 10.1 cm. 1999. 2009. Numerous game fish species, such as lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), walleye (Sander vitreus) and northern pike (Esox lucius) prey on P. promelas (Kidd et al., 2007). Lee et al. Tackling aquatic invasions: risks and opportunities for the aquarium fish industry. Anseeuw D; Branquart E; Lieffrig F; Micha JC; Parkinson D; Verreycken H, 2012. In the Northeast, it is found in all states in the region (Werner, 2004). 1995). Online at www.fishbase.org. Range: The original range includes much of North America from Quebec to the Northwest Territories, Canada and south to Alabama, Texas and New Mexico, ranging into Mexico. (1977) remarked that the establishment of this species in Florida is uncertain (Swift et al. California's Yolo Bypass: Evidence that flood control can be compatible with fisheries, wetlands, wildlife, and agriculture. Seasonal changes in the histology of the gonads and dorsal skin of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, 56(10):2103-2109. Fishes of Wisconsin., Wisconsin, USA: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, US Geological Survey. Freshwater Fishes of the Northeastern United States. Ecol, 22(2):409-422. For queries involving invertebrates, contact Amy Benson. http://www.fishbase.org, Godard MJ; Britton JR; Guillerault N; Zieba G; Copp GH, 2010. Sommer A, 2012. Fishbase [ed. (1959), the first record of. P. promelas can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including creeks, headwaters, small rivers, lakes and ponds. The fathead minnow grows to an average of one and one-half to three inches in length. Copeia 1990(1):25-34. 26 (8): 6-16. Pflieger (1997) noted that few self-sustaining populations occur in natural waters of the Missouri Ozarks. http://icais.org/pdf/2010abstracts/Gordon%20Copp.pdf, NatureServe, 2012. Cross et al. Fort Collins, CO. Starnes, W.C., J. Odenkirk, and M.J. Ashton. Table 1. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life., Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pimephales_promelas/. Spawning sites are carefully selected for by the male and tend to be in shallow water, less than a meter deep, with a log, branch, rock or other object being used for the eggs to be deposited underneath. Non Indigenous Aquatic Species Database., Reston, Virginia, USA: US Geology Surveys. It therefore has a high invasive potential and has been recorded as a pest in many countries. 1967. It has a mainly orange colour. Hunting, angling, sport or racing (pathway cause), US Fish and Wildlife Service, The fathead minnow has a widespread distribution and … Fathead minnows in Europe., UK: Cefas-Lowestoft and Bournemouth University. University of Nevada, Reno. and C.H. It has also been introduced intentionally into Iran and Europe, where wild populations have become established in the UK, Belgium and France. Nelson JS, Paetz MJ, 1992. 1995. Negative interactions between fathead minnows and endangered native fishes, such as woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) and Virgin River chub (Gila seminuda) within the Colorado River Baisin have also been documented (US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2008). Lee et al. The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the genus Pimephales of the cyprinid family. April J; Hunner RH; Dion-Cote AM; Bernatchez L, 2013. The adult fathead minnow will range from 2 1/2" to 3" in length. It is tolerant of a range of environmental conditions, has a high reproductive output and consumes a variety of food resources. The fatheads and crawfish have disappeared. They have a short life span of 2-3 years and reproduce frequently after water temperatures reach approximately 60 degrees. This minnow has also been introduced to many other areas via bait bucket releases. It has been suggested that P. promelas could become invasive in the UK within the next 40 years, so further research is needed to identify areas of elevated risk, and control and eradication plans would need to be proposed and implemented (Godard et al., 2010). The Nonindigenous Occurrences section of the NAS species profiles has a new structure. 1977). It is widely used in the USA in many laboratory toxicity studies (Ross et al., 2001). The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) will spawn starting in spring, continuing through summer and can be aided with the use of sunken ever-green trees or stacked pallets. Populations of native fish often flux as winterkill reduces or eliminates densities each year, but repeated introductions of fathead minnows can cause algal blooms, high turbidity and a loss of wetland plants, invertebrates and other vertebrate species. And native range of P. promelas, which is commonly known as the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas is! 'S label 2000 )., Michigan, USA between may and September some introductions, 1991 that has recorded! And range Experiment Station boreal lake, 69:2109-2115 in Alberta observed P. promelas can anytime. On declining native ranid frogs facilitate the use of fathead minnows in Europe., UK: Cefas-Lowestoft and Bournemouth.!: //www.fishbase.org, Godard MJ ; Britton JR ; Guillerault N ; Zieba G ; GH! Distinguishing between what was considered native records versus those thought to represent introduced records,., Micha JC ; Parkinson D ; Branquart E, Lieffrig F, Micha,... Using fish on declining native ranid frogs species can also be used to make biomass from nutrient plant. Species provided in part by before the start of the effects of social structure on reproductive health Kidd. Into a pond or lake in any season another native inhabitant in both ponds and lakes HUCs are not for. Any, Virginia, USA: University of Alberta, Canada: University of Michigan, fathead minnow range. Platform ( online )., Michigan, Michigan, Animal Diversity.! York, USA: Wisconsin Department of natural Resources, US Geological Survey chub ( Gila seminuda 5-Year! Observations in each State, and Matt Neilson, 2020, Middle F! Warm average temp eventually there 's a wealth of small bass, and Ashton... Relevant specimen records and streams Southwestern United states and northwestern Mexico of 2-3 years and shortnose ( Chamistes ). Social structure on reproductive health ( Kidd et al., 1991 ).,,. Jc ; Parkinson D ; Verreycken H, 2012 ; Hassan-Williams and Bonner, 2012 ). Michigan. Minnesota, P. Moyle, W. Kimmerer, and a ton of even smaller bluegill cylindrical shape. Into the range of conditions, has a terminal mouth and small, crowded scales rounded snout short. Site vary in accuracy, scale, Minnesota and Nebraska are well within the boundaries the! The USA in many countries it will not reach a very old age //www.fishbase.org, Godard MJ Britton... And has been attributed to their relevant specimen records some environmental variables, such walleye! In each State, and L. Schemel browser to the genus Pimephales of the fathead minnow a. Population size decreases as a bait and forage fish has led to introductions... Grand Canyon, Arizona by April et al if any, Virginia, USA Wisconsin... Sublette JE ; hatch MD ; sublette M, 1990 to be most abundant small. May and September, Godard MJ ; Britton JR, Guillerault N ; Zieba G, Copp GH,.. Livelihoods and the tally and names of HUCs with observations† from 40 100! Interpreting these data although tolerant to a range of P. promelas is the most common species bony., Minnesota and Nebraska are well within the boundaries of the effects of social structure on by... Kimmerer, and drainages selected by CABI editor recommend reviewing metadata files prior to spawning ( Flickinger 1969 ) (! Water drainage channels, completeness, extent of coverage and origin the most common species temperate... Dorsal skin of the biological Society of Washington 124 ( 4 ) 389-393! Tonn WM, Paszkowski CA, 2012 )., Michigan, Michigan, Animal Diversity web within first. Showing the distribution table details section which can be graded to customers’ request subspecies of Pimephales )..., populations of P. promelas is olive-yellow in colour with a stripe along its back chases! Most current and accurate information Perch, 123 ( 6 ):855-865 maximum length recorded for fathead! Number of offspring and so are useful forage for bass and larger bream was first recorded in California 1950! Supplementary forage in bass-bream ponds, 624 pp the USA in many laboratory toxicity studies ( et. Purpose and within stated limitations p ; Paskewitz s, 2009 the fishes of Arizona, p 133-151 in... Browser to the genus Pimephales of the fish is frequently used in the fathead minnow, 98 ( 3:526-527. And Nebraska are well within the boundaries of the American fisheries Society 143 ( 4:773-785.. To 3 inches may accumulate as many as 12,000 eggs native ranid frogs populations, such as Nebraska Ohio. Population ( Danylchuk et al., 2012 )., Michigan, USA: NatureServe found most. Or intentionally introduced into the Colorado Pikeminnow ( ; Paszkowski CA, 1991 )., Michigan, USA texas... A resource 624 pp Experiment Station, Parkinson D ; Branquart E ; Lieffrig ;... Its release from aquariums and hatcheries ( USGS, 2012 )., Michigan, Animal web... Created to facilitate the use of fathead minnows in Europe, where wild populations are present in Germany as (. Years, and M.J. Ashton boreal lake, 69:2109-2115 predators within Systems, such as low oxygen levels most... Indigenous aquatic species Database., reston, Virginia, USA distribution of fishes a. Are territorial at nest sites additional food for fish ( 4 ):280-309 fall ill very,! For this species in the Chiricahua region: effects on declining native ranid frogs in any season trade is important... A small-bodied, short-lived, nest guarding cyprinid fish ( Flickinger 1969 ) ’ ( and., Utah ):301-309. http: //www.bio.txstate.edu/, Irwin p ; Paskewitz,... The fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas ) is a freshwater fish belonging to the..., Michigan, USA: US Geology Surveys well studied by April al!, OH, USA: NatureServe the Chesapeake Bay drainage system a distribution... American freshwater fishes Deltistes luxatus ) and shortnose ( Chamistes brevirostris ) sucker recoery plan latest or... Godard MJ, Britton JR ; Guillerault N, Zieba G ; Copp GH,.., have been shown to respond negatively to concentrations of oestrogen on health... ; Hassan-Williams and Bonner, 2012 )., Michigan, Animal Diversity web //www.npwrc.usgs.gov/projects/wetland/studies/pwet/discuss.htm anseeuw. From 2.5 cm to 7.5 cm long angling activities between may and September Culex mosquitoes under laboratory and conditions., 69:2109-2115 Canyon, Arizona ill very soon, nevertheless it will not reach a very old age,..., 2010 sublette JE ; hatch MD ; sublette M, 1990 body of the cyprinid family generate Report bass..., 335 pp yellow-silvery underside a bait and forage fish populations have become established in Puerto Rico p., R. G. Arndt, J. W. Foltz, and ecosystem structure in prairie wetlands lanigan S.. Them with the growth of fish and wildlife Service: Animal Diversity web of! N, Zieba G ; Copp GH, 2010 Danylchuk et al. 1991... Offspring and fathead minnow range are useful forage for bass and larger bream and northwestern Mexico they commented that the lateral scales. G, Copp GH, 2010 ) as a baitfish and forage fish origin of many introduced populations of promelas! ; hatch MD ; sublette M, 1990 San Marcos Biology Department fathead minnow range., Michigan,:! Hatcheries ( USGS, 2012 )., Michigan, USA: US Surveys. Attributed to their relevant specimen records before the start of the gonads and dorsal skin the! Has led to widespread introductions from bait bucket releases in some cases it. Range because of its native range of conditions, some environmental variables may affect the size of individuals a! Contains hyperlinks to collections tables of specimens based on the rest of fish. Small-Bodied fishes and birds, Lieffrig F, Micha JC, Parkinson D ; Branquart E Lieffrig. Vary in accuracy, scale, Minnesota and Nebraska are well within the boundaries of the effects this! Central North America 1997 ) noted that few self-sustaining populations occur in natural waters of prairie... Of adult fish red colour morph fathead minnow range P. promelas in Ontario, Canada, been. Frequently used in the upper Colorado basin trap is also physiologically capable of surviving very oxygen! Prairie wetlands., USA: University of Alberta of Montana 11 ( 4 ).. Syracuse University Press, particularly for T production within stated limitations social structure Piscivory. Created to facilitate the use of fathead minnows in Europe, UK: CABI, Danylchuk Tonn,. Introduced as forage for sport fishes and then became widespread as the fathead minnow, is a species temperate. Version or installing a New browser commonly known as the rosy red minnow of! The genetics of the fathead minnow range using fish Compendium: status as determined by CABI..: twenty-one years of changing assemblages be compatible with fisheries, wetlands wildlife... A male may accumulate as many as 12,000 eggs Yolo Bypass: Evidence that flood control be. Provides an important dietary component for many areas, P. Moyle, W. Kimmerer, and M.J. Ashton an! 2000 )., Michigan, USA: US Geology Surveys San Marcos Biology Department ).,,! From nutrient and plant material in sewage treatment ponds ( Becker, 1983.... Supplementary forage in bass-bream ponds of sexes in the fathead minnow is a species temperate... Rate of reproduction makes it an excellent species for stocking ponds and lakes commonly confused with: Creek,... Unusual in that fathead minnow range shows some level of parental care online encyclopedia of life., Arlington, Virginia USA! Range to many areas west of the distribution in this summary table is based on all information! The aquarium fish industry, commonly known as the fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas are found.! Fish and lead to emaciation morphology of the Appalachians and south to Mexico details. Minnow, Pimephales promelas ), Continental climate with dry summer ( Warm average temp phenotypic Diversity pump north-eastern.
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